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BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION AND REFERENCING WITH APA STYLE

Data – citation and bibliographic references

Rules for the date and year of publication

The APA style rules for citing the date or year of publication of a work are very specific and vary according to the type of source that is being referenced.

General rules:

  1. Year of publication: the year of publication is included in brackets after the author's name or the title of the work, depending on the format of the citation.
    • Example: (Smith, 2020)
  2. Sources without a source: if the work does not have a publication date, use "n.d." (no date).
    • Example: (Smith, n.d.)
  3. Dates of complete publications: for sources such as newspapers or web pages which include the full date (day, month, and year), include the full.
    • Example: (Smith, 15th January, 2020)
  4. Approximate dates: if the date is just an approximate one, use "ca." after the year.
    • Example: (Smith, ca. 2020) 

 

 

 

Type of source

Citation text

Bibliographic references

Book

(Autor, Ano)

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book. Publishing house.

(Smith, 2020)

Smith, J. A. (2020). Effective management. Harvard Business Press.

Paper in a journal

(Author, Year, Month, Day)

Author, A. A. (Year, Month, Day). Title of the paper. Title of the journal, volume (number), pages.

(Brown, 2020, May 5)

Brown, L. (2020, May 5). Advances in health technology. Health Journal, 10 (2), 34-50.

Paper in a journal

(Autor do capítulo, Ano)

Autor do capítulo, A. A. (Ano). Título do capítulo. In Editor, A. A. (Ed.), Título do livro (pp. páginas). Editora.

(Miller, 2018)

Miller, T. (2018). Managing change. In K. J. Thompson (Ed.), Organizational behavior (pp. 45-67). Sage Publications.

Web page

(Author/Organisation, Year, Month, Day)

Author/Organisation. (Year, Month, Day). Title of the page. Name of the site. URL

(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021, March 1)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, March 1). COVID-19 updates. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov

Publication in a Blog

(Author, Year, Month, Day)

Author, A. A. (Year, Month, Day). Title of the publication. Name of the Blog. URL

(Johnson, 2022, June 5)

 

Johnson, M. (2022, June 5). The future of remote work. Tech Trends Blog. https://www.techtrendsblog.com

Sources without a date

(Author, n.d.)

Author, A. A. (n.d.). Title of the work. Publishing house..

(Smith, n.d.)

Smith, J. A. (n.d.). Exploring new technologies. Tech Press.